COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

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About this ebook

This discussion focuses on the organization and functioning of computer systems. The nature and characteristics of modern computers are described here as clearly and in detail as possible. Because of these two factors , it will be difficult to get the job done. First, the term "computer" refers to an extremely broad category of electronic devices, ranging from a few dollars for a single-chip microcomputer to tens of millions of dollars for a supercomputer. There is great variability among these elements. There is a wide range of options, not only in terms of cost, but also in terms of size, performance and application. Second, there is no indication that the dizzying pace of innovation traditionally associated with information technology will slow down. All aspects of computer technology are affected by these changes, from the basic integrated circuit technology used in the manufacture of computer components to the increased use of parallel organization ideas in the process of assembling these components. While there is great variation and rapid pace of development in computing, there are certain basic principles that apply everywhere. It is true that the use of these ideas depends on the current state of the technology and the designer's goals in terms of accessibility and performance. This book's objective is to provide a complete overview of the foundations of computer architecture and structure, then apply those ideas to the issues that are faced in current computer design. In addition to that, this book will make an effort to respond to the questions that follow: The approach that was used to explain things is broken down into its component parts in this chapter. When discussing computers, the terms "computer architecture" and "computer organization" are often used interchangeably. While it is not possible to give precise definitions for these words, there is consensus on the main areas covered by each (see, for example, [VRAN80], [SIEW82] and [BELL78a]); An interesting alternative perspective is proposed in [REDD76]. The phrase "computer architecture" refers to the components of a system that are visible to the programmer, or, to put it another way, the components that have a direct impact on the way in which a programme operates logically. 

About the author

Dr. Imran Ullah Khan obtained his Ph.D. Degree in Electronics Engineering. M.Tech (Communication and information systems) and B.Tech Degree (with Honors in Electronics and Communication Engineering) from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He is currently working as a Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow. He has more than 20 years. He was worked as Conference Chair and Organizing Secretary “IEEE International Conference on Computational and Characterization Techniques in Engineering & Sciences” (CCTES-18) (IEEE Conference #44023) scheduled on September 14-15, 2018. Organizing Secretary “National Webinar on Industry 4.0 and IoT (I 4 IoT)” on July 26- 30, 2021. Faculty Coordinator “online Six Weeks Faculty Development Program on the theme “Disruptive Technologies in Engineering and Research (DiTER)” from 12th April to 21st May 2021.Faculty Coordinator 4-Day Webinar series during May 28-May 31, 2020.Organizing Secretary in International Symposium on “Computational and Characterization Techniques in Engineering & Sciences” (CCTES-17) held on March 20, 2017 and many more. He has also worked as Ambassador IEEE DAY-2021 Region 10 IEEE U.P. Section. University Center Coordinator (Integral University, Lucknow) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organization, department of space, government of INDIA. Executive Committee Member (Ex) IEEE UP Section. Ambassador IEEE DAY-2017 INDIA, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Branch Counselor IEEE Student Chapter, Integral University, Lucknow (STB17471). Faculty Advisor, IEEE Women in Engineering Affinity Group, Integral University, Lucknow (SBA17471). Faculty Lead IEEE Integral Univ Lucknow SB SIGHT (#18-009). Worked as Head Electronics & Communication Engineering Department in Maharana Institute of Professional Studies, Kanpur from 10-01-2012 to 21-07- 2013.Worked as Controller of Examination in Maharana Institute of Professional Studies, Kanpur from 10-01-2012 to 21-07-2013. Worked as Coordinator (Students Affairs) in Maharana Institute of Professional Studies, Kanpur From 10-01-2012 to 21- 07-2013. Worked as Head Electronics & Communication Engineering Department in Kanpur institute of Technology, Kanpur from 02-07-2010 to till 09-01- 2012. Worked as Assistant Dean Academics Kanpur institute of Technology, Kanpur from 09-07-2008 to till 01-07-2010. Worked as a Project Coordinator Electronics vi & Communication Engineering Deptt Kanpur institute of Technology, Kanpur from 25-02-2008 to 08-07-2008. Worked as a Head Electronics & Communication Engineering Deptt. in Faculty of Engineering & Technology Agra College, Agra from January 2005 to August 2006.

Mrs. Yusra Siddiqui is an electronics engineer, with specialization in Electronic circuit and systems, working as a Lecturer in Government polytechnic Unnao, under Ministry of technical education. Having B.Tech in electronics and communication and M. Tech in circuit systems has an experience of 8 years in education industry. She holds a Diploma in management and a Post graduate Diploma in management as well. She has done various researches with papers published in IEEE conferences and others. Mother of two, she is working with great sincerity and enthusiasm in educating her students with latest technologies and research areas.

Dr. Shashi Kant Gupta, Post-Doctoral Fellow and Researcher, Computer Science and Engineering, Eudoxia Research University, USA in collaboration with Eudoxia Research Centre, India. Did Ph.D. from Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, ORCID: 0000-0001-6587- 5607. He has completed his Ph.D. in CSE from Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India, & Worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PSIT, Kanpur, U.P., India, Worked as Associate Professor, School of Computer Applications, BBD University, Lucknow, UP, India, Worked as Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ambalika Institute of Management and Technology, Lucknow, UP, India. & Also worked as Senior Lecturer, Department of IT, MCSCET, Lucknow, UP, India. He is currently working as Founder and CEO of CREP PVT. LTD., Lucknow, UP, India. He is a member of Spectrum IEEE & Potentials Magazine IEEE since 2019 and many more international organizations for research activities. He is an Editor-in-chief of International Journal of Data Informatics and Intelligent computing (IJDIIC). IJDIIC is an international open access, scholarly peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality articles in all areas of data informatics and intelligent computing, especially current research, new concepts, innovative methods, and approaches for early detection and reporting new methods on basic and advanced aspects of data informatics and intelligent computing. He has published many research papers in reputed international journals with SCOPUS and SCI indexed journals and published many papers in National and International conferences and as well as in Seminars. He has organized various Faculty Development Programs, Seminars, Workshops, and Short-Term Courses at University level. His main research work focuses on performance enhancement through Cloud computing, Big Data Analytics, IoT and Computational Intelligence-based Education. He is currently working as a reviewer in various international journals like BJIT and many more. He has got many International and national achievements award from reputed organizations. x He is currently editor in many CRC and Taylor and Francis group Publication Books like, Book Title: IoT Technologies, Big Data Solutions, Cloud Platforms, and Cybersecurity Techniques in Developing Smart Cities; Book Title: AI-aided IoT Technologies and Applications in the Smart Business and Production; Book Title: Designing Workforce Management Systems for Industry 4.0: Data-Centric and AIEnabled Approaches. He has published many Indian patents in the field of information technology, computer science and management. One Indian patent is under grant approval. He has many Germany patents with grant, He has more than 10 years of teaching experience and 2 years of Industrial Experience and more than 2 years as CEO and Founder of a firm

Dr. Manmohan Singh Yadav, he has completed his Ph.D. in Computer science & engineering from Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India, ORCID: 0000-0002-1229-3344 & Currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BBD University, Lucknow, U.P., India, Worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Azad Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, UP, India & also worked as Lecturer, Department of Information and Technology, Azad Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, UP, India. He has published many research papers in reputed international journals with SCOPUS indexed journals and published many papers in National and International conferences and as well as in Seminars. He has attended various Faculty Development Programs, Seminars, Workshops, and Short-term Courses. His main research work focuses on to filter the outliers in wireless sensor network, by using various features like entropy to find the outliers. His achievement is session coordinator in the 3rd International conference on computer vision and robotics (CVR2023), Certificate of achievement as a Jury member of UP Police Hackathon 2022, NPTEL Online Certification course (8 week) of subject Database Management System, Certificate of Course on Computer Concepts (CCC) conducted by NIELIT, GATE qualified in 2012 & 2013, NPTEL Coordinator for local chapter at AIET, Lucknow and many M.Tech. thesis supervisor. He has published many Indian/ German patents in the field of information technology and computer science. He has more than 16 years of teaching experience. 

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