Richard Wagner, born Wilhelm Richard Wagner on May 22, 1813, in Leipzig, was a renowned German composer, theatre director, and conductor who left an indelible mark on the musical landscape of the 19th century. Wagner is best known for his operas, often referred to as music dramas. His compositions are notable for their complex textures, rich harmonies, and elaborate use of leitmotifs—musical phrases associated with specific characters, themes, or locations. Wagner's literary influence is also significant, as he authored both the music and librettos for his works. His seminal cycle, 'The Ring of the Nibelung,' is a tour de force that revolutionized opera with its epic narrative and innovative structure. The 'Ring' consists of four interconnected operas, culminating in the monumental 'Götterdämmerung.' His works, such as the 'Tristan und Isolde,' are famed for their progressive use of chromaticism, which altered the course of Western music. Wagner's legacy endures in the form of the Bayreuth Festival, a dedicated venue for the performance of his works. Despite the controversy surrounding his personal views and associations, Wagner's contributions to the arts continue to be studied and revered for their groundbreaking techniques and unparalleled dramatic depth.