Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri, is one of America's most celebrated authors and humorists. Twain's early life was marked by a series of adventures and misadventures along the Mississippi River, which would later provide rich material for his literary works. His pen name, "Mark Twain," is a riverboat term indicating a depth of two fathoms, safe water for navigation, symbolizing his deep connection to the river.Twain's writing is renowned for its wit, satire, and keen social commentary. He tackled issues such as racism, class disparities, and human folly with a sharp, often humorous lens. His works, including "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Life on the Mississippi," remain staples in American literature, offering insight into 19th-century life and culture.Twain was also a vocal critic of imperialism and a supporter of civil rights, using his platform to challenge societal norms and injustices. His friendship with figures like Frederick Douglass and his outspoken views on slavery and human rights positioned him as a progressive voice in a tumultuous era.Controversies surrounding Twain often stemmed from his unflinching critique of society and his use of regional dialects, which some contemporaries found crude. However, these elements have cemented his legacy as a pioneer of American realism.Twain's influence extends to countless contemporary writers who admire his narrative style and fearless exploration of social issues. His revolutionary ideas and enduring works continue to resonate, making him a timeless figure in the literary world.