Third Class in Indian Railways

Name: Third Class in Indian Railways
Rating: 4.714285850524902 (7 reviews)

Mahatma Gandhi

2010年4月 · Cosimo, Inc.

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Before he returned to his native India from South Africa, where he had been working as a lawyer, Mahatma Gandhi-now known as MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI (1869-1948), the spiritual leader of the movement for Indian independence and a passionate proponent of civil disobedience as a force for social change-was ejected from the first class cabin of a train, even though he held a valid first class ticket, and was forced to travel in the squalid third class cars. In 1917, after he returned home, Gandhi produced this extraordinary look at the plight of the poor in India, as prismed through the experience of a rail journey from Mumbai to Madras. From the filthy, overcrowded conditions in third class to his philosophical musings on the cures for what ailed the downtrodden of that nation, this brief, vital work offers a remarkable insight into the thinking of one of the 20th century's greatest heroes, and essential background for the acts that made him so powerful and so beloved.

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Mohandas Gandhi is well known as a political activist and pacifist who played a key role in achieving India's independence from Great Britain. Although born in Porbandar, India, to parents of the Vaisya (merchant) caste, he was given a modern education and eventually studied law in London. After returning briefly to India, Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893, where he spent the next 20 years working to secure Indian rights. It was during this time that he experimented with and developed his basic philosophy of life. Philosophically, Gandhi is best known for his ideas of satyagraha (truth-force) and ahimsa (nonharming). Intrinsic to the idea of truth-force is the correlation between truth and being; truth is not merely a mental correspondence with reality but a mode of existence. Hence, the power of the truth is not what one argues for but what one is. He developed this idea in conjunction with the principle of nonviolence, showing in his nationalist activities that the force of truth, expressed nonviolently, can be an irresistible political weapon against intolerance, racism, and social violence. Although his basic terminology and conceptual context were Hindu, Gandhi was impressed by the universal religious emphasis on the self-transformative power of love, drawing his inspiration from Christianity, Western philosophy, and Islam as well.