The Ramayana

Valmiki

2021년 1월 · Otbebookpublishing

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Rāmāyana is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata. Along with the Mahābhārata, it forms the Hindu Itihasa. The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Maharishi Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, a legendary prince of Ayodhya city in the kingdom of Kosala. The story follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest urged by his father King Dasharatha, on the request of Rama's stepmother Kaikeyi; his travels across forests in the Indian subcontinent with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana – the king of Lanka, that resulted in war; and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king amidst jubilation and celebration.

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Valmiki, often revered as the "Adi Kavi" or the first poet of Sanskrit literature, holds a monumental place in the annals of Indian history. Born in the ancient era, his life is shrouded in myth and legend, making him a figure of both historical and mystical intrigue. Originally known as Ratnakara, Valmiki's transformation from a feared bandit to a sage of unparalleled wisdom is a tale that has fascinated generations. This metamorphosis was spurred by a profound spiritual awakening, leading him to become a devoted ascetic and a master of the Vedic scriptures.Valmiki's literary contributions extend beyond mere storytelling; he is credited with pioneering the use of shloka meter, a form that has since become a cornerstone of Sanskrit poetry. His works are not just artistic endeavors but also profound philosophical treatises that explore the complexities of dharma (duty/righteousness), karma (action), and the human condition.Controversies surrounding Valmiki often delve into his early life as a bandit, raising questions about redemption and transformation. His influence on contemporary writers is immeasurable, serving as a touchstone for countless adaptations, reinterpretations, and scholarly debates. Valmiki championed revolutionary ideas about morality, justice, and the power of repentance, making his teachings timeless.In a modern context, Valmiki's life and works resonate with themes of personal growth, ethical dilemmas, and the quest for truth, offering valuable insights into the human experience. His legacy continues to inspire, reminding us that even the most flawed individuals have the potential for greatness and enlightenment.