Textbook of Gastroenterology: Edition 5

David H. Alpers, MD, William B. Kountz Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA

Anthony N. Kalloo, MD, Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Neil Kaplowitz, MD, Thomas H. Brem Chair, Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases; Director, Liver Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

Chung Owyang, MD, Professor of Internal Medicine; H. Marvin Pollard Collegiate Professor and Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Don W. Powell, MD, The Bassel and Frances Blanton Distinguished Professor of Internal Medicine; Professor, Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Program Director, General Clinical Research Center; Director, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA