Telecom Fundamentals

In this module, we’ll ensure you have a solid foundation in the fundamental ideas of telecom:

• The elements of a circuit;

• Terminals, clients, servers and peers;

• How bits are represented on fiber with pulses; and

• How bits are represented with modems on wireless, cable TV and DSL

Then we’ll understand how a circuit's capacity is shared to carry many users’ traffic on common facilities: Frequency Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing, and Bandwidth on Demand: efficient sharing, involving packets, routers and overbooking the network core.

Telecom Module 2

Detailed Outline

2 Telecom Fundamentals

2.1 Communication Circuit Model

...... 2.1.1 Information Theory

...... 2.1.2 ITU Model: DTEs and DCEs

2.2 Terminals, Clients, Servers and Peers

...... 2.2.1 Dumb Terminal and Remote Host

...... 2.2.2 Client-Server

...... 2.2.3 Peer-to-Peer

2.3 Representing Bits on Digital Circuits: Pulses

...... 2.3.1 Two-State Transmission Systems

...... 2.3.2 Range Limiting Factors

...... 2.3.3 Repeaters

...... 2.3.4 Comfort Noise Generation

2.4 Representing Bits in Frequency Channels: Modems

...... 2.4.1 Passband Channels

...... 2.4.2 Carrier Frequencies

...... 2.4.3 Modulation

...... 2.4.4 “Press 1 to Understand How Modems Work”

...... 2.4.5 Radio-Frequency Modems

...... 2.4.6 CDMA and OFDM

...... 2.4.7 ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM and QPSK

2.5 Serial and Parallel

...... 2.5.1 Serial Ports: USB, LAN, SATA

...... 2.5.2 Serial in Parallel for High Bit Rates

2.6 Sharing: Frequency-Division Multiplexing

...... 2.6.1 Baseband vsFrequency-Shifted

...... 2.6.2 Coax, Radio and Fiber

...... 2.6.3 Parallel

2.7 Sharing: Time-Division Multiplexing

...... 2.7.1 Synchronous TDM Channels

...... 2.7.2 Trunk Carrier Systems

...... 2.7.3 T1, SONET and SDH

...... 2.7.4 Other TDM Implementations: PONs, GSM, CAN-BUS

2.8 Efficient Sharing: Statistical Time Division Multiplexing

...... 2.8.1 Bandwidth on Demand

...... 2.8.2 Packet Switching

2.9 Overbooking: Reducing User Cost