Spatial Language: Cognitive and Computational Perspectives

¡
¡ Springer Science & Business Media
āχ-āĻŦ⧁āĻ•
283
āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž
āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ“ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāω āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§ŸāύāĻŋ  āφāϰāĻ“ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āύ

āĻāχ āχ-āĻŦ⧁āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡

People constantly talk to each other about experience or knowledge resulting from spatial perception; they describe the size, shape, orientation and position of objects using a wide range of spatial expressions. The semantic treatment of such expressions presents particular challenges for natural language processing. The meaning representation used must be capable of distinguishing between fine-grained sense differences and ambiguities grounded in our experience and perceptual structure. While there have been many different approaches to the representation and processing of spatial expressions, most computational characterisations have been restricted to particularly narrow problem domains. The chapters in the present volume reflect a commitment to the development of cognitively informed computational treatments of spatial language and spatial representation. Therefore the chapters present computational work, empirical work, or a combination of both.
The book will appeal to all those interested in spatial language and spatial representation, whether they work in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, cognitive psychology or linguistics.

āχ-āĻŦ⧁āϕ⧇ āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻŋāύ

āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύāĨ¤

āĻĒāĻ āύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ

āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻĢā§‹āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧇āϟ
Android āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ iPad/iPhone āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ Google Play āĻŦāχ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ“ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĢāϞāĻžāχāύ āϝāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύ āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧜āϤ⧇ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤
āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ
Google Play āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϕ⧇āύāĻž āĻ…āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŦ⧁āĻ• āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
eReader āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ
Kobo eReaders-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ e-ink āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϤ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĄāĻžāωāύāϞ⧋āĻĄ āĻ“ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāϤāĻž āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āϏāĻŦ eReader-āĻ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤