Selections from Sauda (Illustrated)

Mirza Sauda

2017年3月 · Urdu Classical Poetry 第 3 本图书 · Chapa Digita

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Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda (1713–1781), born to a Kabuli aristocrat family in Shahjahanabad (old Delhi), was a renowned Urdu poet of the Delhi tradition. He is known for his ghazals, qasidas, marsias, salams and hijvs. He brought two forms of composition, the qasida (a laudatory ode) and hijv (satire) to the Urdu literature. Like Mir Taqi Mir, Sauda not only adopted Urdu as the language of his poetry, he greatly contributed to the growth of the language itself by seamlessly melding Persian and Arabic idioms with the local vocabulary. Muhammad Husain Azad (Ab-e hayat, 1880) writes,“…through the suitability of his temperament and the amount of his practice, in a city like Delhi his ustadship found recognition…even during his lifetime his ghazals were on the lips of high and low, in every house and street and bazaar.”

His contemporaries loved and respected him for his ghazals and dreaded him for his unparalleled prowess with the Hijv (satire). His satires are full of fire and wit and stir up levity and laughter at the expense of his mark. Compared to his contemporaries and the poets after him, Sauda’s work explores an unparalleled breadth of topics and emotions. He is not always looking for the depth of meaning; often times he is just plain bitching about the vagaries of life. His fearlessness makes his poetry strong, his forthright diction makes it human and accessible.