Robert D. Atkinson is founder and president, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Washington, DC. He frequently advises state, national, and international policy makers and was appointed by the Obama Administration to the National Innovation and Competitiveness Strategy Advisory Board. He lives in Chevy Chase, MD. Stephen J. Ezell is senior analyst, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, and leads ITIF’s work on trade, manufacturing, and measuring international innovation and information technology competitiveness. He lives in Washington, DC.