Metaphysics of Morals

Immanuel Kant

May 2024 · Minerva Heritage Press

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A new translation of Kant's 1797 The Metaphysics of Morals into modern American English with the original German manuscript in the back for reference.

This is Volume XII in the Complete Works of Immanuel Kant published by LP

This is not to be confused with his early 1785 work Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, which is a different book.

In keeping with the grounded, practical themes of his later works, the metaphysician of Prussias Die Metaphysik der Sitten focuses on law, government regulation and virtue. Law is the inevitable end of Reason, and as such, is rooted in a priori principles native to the soul but not external experience, in other words, metaphysical. The imperative of virtue relies on inner compulsion, while the imperative of legality relies on an external compulsion. In his lifelong rage against the Empiricism of David Hume, Kant here builds a positive framework devoid of polemics. Kants Doctrine of Right would inspire Hegels 1820 Philosophy of Right, where he would develop a more robust legal theory and a more restrictive social contract.

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Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher whose work in epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics shaped the course of Western philosophy. In his landmark work, Critique of Pure Reason, Kant proposed "transcendental idealism," asserting that human knowledge is limited by the mind's structures, which mediate our understanding of reality. This "Copernican revolution" in philosophy argued that we can only know phenomena (appearances) and not noumena (things-in-themselves). In Critique of Practical Reason, Kant introduced the "categorical imperative," a foundational principle in ethics that calls for actions to be universally applicable. Kant's focus on autonomy, moral duty, and rationality laid the groundwork for modern ethical and political thought, and his ideas continue to influence fields such as philosophy, law, and cognitive science, positioning him as a central figure in the Enlightenment.

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