Algerian War: How the Algerian Revolution Resulted in Independence after French Rule

The French conquest of Algeria began in 1830 when Charles X's government, seeking to distract attention from domestic political troubles, launched an expedition against the Regency of Algiers under the pretext of suppressing piracy and collecting debts. What began as a limited military action gradually expanded into a full-scale colonial occupation that required decades of brutal warfare to complete. The resistance led by figures like Emir Abd al-Qadir demonstrated from the beginning that the indigenous population would not accept foreign domination without fierce struggle, establishing patterns of guerrilla warfare and harsh repression that would resurface with devastating effect more than a century later.

The settler society that emerged in Algeria during the nineteenth century created a unique colonial situation that differed markedly from other European imperial possessions. The colons, as the European settlers were known, developed their own distinct identity that was neither fully French nor authentically Algerian, but something new and fiercely protective of its privileged position.