This volume presents the results of studies on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials and nanoemulsions. Various approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials are presented, and the most state of the art approach to the synthesis of nanoparticles using eco-friendly sources is shown. Additionally, the volume is devoted to the study of analytical modeling of transistors' characteristics, including quantum mechanical effects and charge quantization in all operation regions. Moreover, the presented volume is useful for scientists who are dealing with the use of quantum dots in photovoltaic devices. The research results can find applications in various areas of nanoscience and materials science.