In this thought-provoking essay, renowned theologian J. Gresham Machen explores the complex relationship between Christianity and modern culture. Machen argues that the Church must not retreat from engaging with the intellectual currents of the day, but instead must work to transform them for the sake of the gospel. He presents a compelling vision for how Christians can faithfully navigate the tensions between their faith and the world of ideas, and calls for the development of a new generation of Christian scholars who can lead the way in this vital task. This timeless essay remains as relevant today as when it was first published, offering valuable insights for anyone seeking to understand the intersection of faith and culture.