Italian Wars

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The Italian Wars refers to a period of prolonged conflict between 1494 and 1559 when the major European powers of the time fought for control over Italy. While it began with a French attempt to gain control over the territory of Naples, it soon expanded to a general struggle between the royal houses of Valois and Habsburg—specifically, Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. By the time the dust settled, the French were expelled from the Italian Peninsula, and the Spanish Habsburgs emerged with control over large parts of Italy, from Milan to Naples. Italians would not fully regain their independence from this control until the mid-nineteenth century.

The Italian Wars represented a change in warfare tactics from contract armies common in the medieval period to full-time standing armies common in the modern era; for this reason, they are often viewed as being the dividing line between medieval times and the modern era in Europe.

Discover a plethora of topics such as

Prelude to War: French Aggression

The First Italian War: The War of Charles VIII

The Second Italian War: The War of Louis XII

The First War between Charles V and Francis I

The Habsburg-Valois Wars

The Last Italian War

And much more!

Explore the Italian Wars, a series of fierce conflicts that reshaped Renaissance Europe. Fought by major powers like France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire, these wars influenced politics, art, and military tactics. Perfect for history enthusiasts and lovers of early modern Europe.

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