Howards End
2020 թ. մրտ · Otbebookpublishing
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Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England. Howards End is considered by some to be Forster's masterpiece. The book was conceived in June 1908 and worked on throughout the following year; it was completed in July 1910. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Howards End 38th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Zadie Smith's On Beauty is a modern retelling of the novel, as well as an homage to it. (Wikipdia)
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Edward Morgan Forster, born on January 1, 1879, in London, is a towering figure in 20th-century literature, renowned for his keen social commentary and exploration of human connections. Raised by his mother after his architect father's early death, Forster's formative years were marked by a deep immersion in literature and classical studies, which later influenced his narrative style and thematic concerns.Forster's education at King's College, Cambridge, was pivotal, fostering lifelong friendships and intellectual camaraderie with members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Virginia Woolf and John Maynard Keynes. These relationships profoundly shaped his perspectives on art, society, and sexuality.A master of the social novel, Forster's works often scrutinize the rigid class structures and moral hypocrisy of Edwardian England. His nuanced portrayal of characters navigating these societal constraints resonated with readers and critics alike, earning him a place among the literary elite.Forster's personal life was equally compelling. As a closeted gay man during a time when homosexuality was criminalized in Britain, he grappled with his identity in both his private life and public works. His posthumously published novel, "Maurice," boldly addressed same-sex love, challenging societal norms and offering a rare, optimistic portrayal of gay relationships.Beyond his novels, Forster's essays and lectures on humanism, liberalism, and individual freedom left an indelible mark on contemporary thought. His advocacy for personal connections over societal conventions continues to inspire modern readers and writers, cementing his legacy as a revolutionary thinker who championed the enduring power of human empathy and understanding.
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