Curves and Surfaces
แแแ. 2012 ยท Springer Science & Business Media
แแแฌแแแแ
396
แแแแ แแ
reportแ แแแขแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแฎแแแแแแ แแแฃแแแกแขแฃแ แแแแแแ ย แจแแแขแงแแแ แแแขแ
แแ แแแฌแแแแแก แจแแกแแฎแแ
The book provides an introduction to Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. The theory of curves starts with a discussion of possible definitions of the concept of curve, proving in particular the classification of 1-dimensional manifolds. We then present the classical local theory of parametrized plane and space curves (curves in n-dimensional space are discussed in the complementary material): curvature, torsion, Frenetโs formulas and the fundamental theorem of the local theory of curves. Then, after a self-contained presentation of degree theory for continuous self-maps of the circumference, we study the global theory of plane curves, introducing winding and rotation numbers, and proving the Jordan curve theorem for curves of class C2, and Hopf theorem on the rotation number of closed simple curves. The local theory of surfaces begins with a comparison of the concept of parametrized (i.e., immersed) surface with the concept of regular (i.e., embedded) surface. We then develop the basic differential geometry of surfaces in R3: definitions, examples, differentiable maps and functions, tangent vectors (presented both as vectors tangent to curves in the surface and as derivations on germs of differentiable functions; we shall consistently use both approaches in the whole book) and orientation. Next we study the several notions of curvature on a surface, stressing both the geometrical meaning of the objects introduced and the algebraic/analytical methods needed to study them via the Gauss map, up to the proof of Gaussโ Teorema Egregium. Then we introduce vector fields on a surface (flow, first integrals, integral curves) and geodesics (definition, basic properties, geodesic curvature, and, in the complementary material, a full proof of minimizing properties of geodesics and of the Hopf-Rinow theorem for surfaces). Then we shall present a proof of the celebrated Gauss-Bonnet theorem, both in its local and in its global form, using basic properties (fullyproved in the complementary material) of triangulations of surfaces. As an application, we shall prove the Poincarรฉ-Hopf theorem on zeroes of vector fields. Finally, the last chapter will be devoted to several important results on the global theory of surfaces, like for instance the characterization of surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature, and the orientability of compact surfaces in R3.
แจแแแคแแกแแ แแก แแแฌแแแแ
แแแแแฎแแ แแ แแฅแแแแ แแแ แ.
แแแคแแ แแแชแแ แฌแแแแแฎแแแกแแแ แแแแแแจแแ แแแแ
แกแแแ แขแคแแแแแ แแ แขแแแแแขแแแ
แแแแแแกแขแแแแ แแ Google Play Books แแแ Android แแ iPad/iPhone แแแฌแงแแแแแแแแแแกแแแแก. แแก แแแขแแแแขแฃแ แแ แแแแแฎแแ แชแแแแแแก แกแแแฅแ แแแแแแชแแแก แแฅแแแแก แแแแแ แแจแแแ แแ แกแแจแฃแแแแแแก แแแแชแแแ, แฌแแแแแแฎแแ แกแแกแฃแ แแแแ แแแแขแแแขแ แแแแแกแแแแ แแแแแแแก, แ แแแแ แช แแแแแแ, แแกแ แฎแแแแแ แแจแ แ แแแแแจแ.
แแแแขแแแแแ แแ แแแแแแฃแขแแ แแแ
Google Play-แจแ แจแแซแแแแแ แแฃแแแแฌแแแแแแแก แแแกแแแแ แแฅแแแแ แแแแแแฃแขแแ แแก แแแ-แแ แแฃแแแ แแก แแแแแงแแแแแแ แจแแแแซแแแแ.
แแแฌแแแแแแฎแแแแแแ แแ แกแฎแแ แแแฌแงแแแแแแแแแ
แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แแแแแแก แแแฌแงแแแแแแแแแแ แฌแแกแแแแแฎแแ, แ แแแแ แแชแแ Kobo eReaders, แแฅแแแ แฃแแแ แฉแแแแขแแแ แแแ แคแแแแ แแ แแแแแแขแแแแ แแแ แแฅแแแแก แแแฌแงแแแแแแแแจแ. แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แชแแแขแ แแก แแแขแแแฃแ แ แแแกแขแ แฃแฅแชแแแแแก แแแฎแแแแแ แแแแแแขแแแแ แคแแแแแแ แแฎแแ แแแญแแ แแ แแแฌแแแแแแฎแแแแแแแ.
