Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (n├йe Stevenson; 29 September 1810 тАУ 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer and short story writer. Her novels offer a detailed portrait of the lives of many strata of Victorian society, including the very poor. Her work is of interest to social historians as well as readers of literature. Her first novel, Mary Barton, was published in 1848. Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Bront├л, published in 1857, was the first biography of Charlotte Bront├л. In this biography, she wrote only of the moral, sophisticated things in Bront├л's life; the rest she left out, deciding that certain, more salacious aspects were better kept hidden. Among Gaskell's best known novels are Cranford (1851тАУ53), North and South (1854тАУ55), and Wives and Daughters (1865), each having been adapted for television by the BBC.