The book unfolds in three parts, beginning with the historical and social context of Greek law, particularly in Athenian democracy. It then examines Roman law, from the Twelve Tables to Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis, tracing the evolution of legal thought and institutions.
Finally, it directly compares the two systems, focusing on property rights, contracts, and criminal justice, revealing how each system addressed social inequality and individual liberties. Through primary sources and scholarly analysis, this book provides a nuanced understanding of classical legal systems and their lasting legacy.