Location Fingerprinting for Ultra-wideband Systems: The Key to Efficient and Robust Localization
Christoph Steiner
Jan 2010 · Series in Wireless Communications Book 11 · Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
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In this thesis, a novel radio frequency based position location concept is proposed and studied, which provides accurate position estimates in dense multipath and non-line-of-sight propagation environments. The main idea is to apply the location fingerprinting paradigm of position location to channel impulse responses with ultra-wide bandwidth. The large bandwidth enables a fine temporal resolution of the multipath propagation channel, which in turn acts as a unique location fingerprint of the positions of transmitter and receiver. At first a location fingerprinting framework is developed from a communication theoretic perspective. Then location fingerprinting with two ultra-wideband receiver structures is studied. The first receiver is able to perform channel estimation and the second receiver is a low complexity generalized energy detection receiver. Their position location performance is analyzed theoretically and experimentally with measured data and it is shown that decimeter accuracy is achievable with both receiver structures in dense multipath and non-line-of-sight propagation environments. However, this experimental performance analysis reveals also a major shortcoming of the proposed method: In order to achieve high position location accuracy, a large amount of training data is required. In order to increase the efficiency of the training phase two promising techniques are proposed in this thesis. The first method is based on the idea of joint localization and training. The second technique is based on a geometrical channel model and utilizes a priori knowledge about the geometry of the propagation environment The thesis concludes with a summary of the major findings and with a list of interesting future research topics in the field of location fingerprinting for ultra-wideband systems.
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