Calamus

Walt Whitman

Pierre Turcotte Editor

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Calamus is a sequence of poems within Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass, focusing on themes of male friendship, love, intimacy, and spiritual union. Written in the mid-19th century, these poems express Whitman’s vision of a deep, emotional bond between men, often interpreted as a celebration of same-sex affection. Calamus explores the idea of “manly love,” comradeship, and democratic unity, portraying love not just as romantic or erotic, but as a force that binds individuals and societies. The tone is both tender and passionate, emphasizing honesty, vulnerability, and a longing for connection. While the poems avoid explicit descriptions, their emotional intensity and recurring physical imagery have led many scholars to read them as autobiographical reflections on Whitman’s own desires. Through Calamus, Whitman challenges conventional norms of gender and sexuality, offering a radical vision of love and solidarity. These poems remain powerful expressions of queer identity and emotional openness in literature.

作者简介

Walt Whitman (1819–1892) was a pioneering American poet, essayist, and journalist, best known for his groundbreaking collection Leaves of Grass. Born in Long Island, New York, he worked in various trades, including printing, teaching, and journalism, before dedicating himself fully to poetry. Whitman celebrated democracy, the human body, and the spiritual potential of everyday life through free verse and an innovative, expansive style. His poetry broke conventional boundaries and championed individuality and equality. One notable section of Leaves of Grass is Calamus, a series of poems exploring themes of male-male affection, comradeship, and emotional intimacy. Calamus has been central to discussions about Whitman’s sexuality and the homoerotic undertones in his work. During the Civil War, Whitman served as a nurse, experiences that deeply shaped his later poems. Revered as the “father of free verse,” Whitman left a profound legacy on American literature and modern poetic expression.