Nanomaterials-Microbial Interaction for Soil Health, Plant Growth and Performance highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between nanoparticles and the environment, particularly in the context of plant health and soil ecosystems. It emphasizes the potential benefits of using nanomaterials in plant production for sustainable agriculture, while also acknowledging the risks associated with their release into the environment. The unique properties of nanoparticles make them valuable for various applications, including enhancing plant growth and productivity. However, their potential impact on soil chemistry, microbial communities, and plant health must be carefully studied to ensure their safe and effective use. Researchers and students in plant science, agricultural science, nanobiotechnology, microbiology, biotechnology, and nano-engineering can benefit from exploring the relationships between nanomaterials and microbial interactions in soil health and plant performance. This interdisciplinary approach can provide valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating nanotechnology into agriculture and environmental management.• Explains rhizosphere and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles interactions with both abiotic and biotic-based driven processes• Explores how nanoparticles affect bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, including the root-associated mycorrhizal fungi• Addresses nanomaterials influence the microbial processes including mineralization, nitrogen fixation, and activities that promote plant growth• Highlights the significance of interaction of various nanoparticles–plants–microorganisms in agriculture system and soil remediation