Fascinated with the heritage of ancient Greece, early modern intellectuals cultivated a

deep interest in its language, the primary gateway to this long-lost culture, rehabilitated

during the Renaissance. Inspired by the humanist battle cry “To the sources!” scholars

took a detailed look at the Greek source texts in the original language and its different

dialects. In so doing, they saw themselves confronted with major linguistic questions: Is

there any order in this immense diversity? Can the Ancient Greek dialects be classified

into larger groups? Is there a hierarchy among the dialects? Which dialect is the oldest?

Where should problematic varieties such as Homeric and Biblical Greek be placed?

How are the differences between the Greek dialects to be described, charted, and

explained? What is the connection between the diversity of the Greek tongue and the

Greek homeland? And, last but not least, are Greek dialects similar to the dialects of the

vernacular tongues? Why (not)? This book discusses and analyzes the often surprising

and sometimes contradictory early modern answers to these questions.