Astronomy, astrophysics

I-encyclopedia enkulu yesayensi "Astronomy, Cosmology, Astrophysics": indawo yonke, i-asteroids, i-exoplanet, indawo ejulile, amaplanethi amancane, i-supernova, umlaza.

I-Astronomy isayensi yemvelo efunda izinto zasemkhathini kanye nezigigaba. Izinto ezithakaselwayo zihlanganisa amaplanethi, izinyanga, izinkanyezi, ama-nebulae, imithala, nezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Izigigaba ezifanele zihlanganisa ukuqhuma kwe-supernova, ukuqhuma kwe-gamma ray, ama-quasars, ama-blazars, ama-pulsars, nemisebe yangemuva ye-cosmic microwave.

I-Cosmology igatsha le-astronomy eliphathelene nezifundo zemvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke, kusukela ku-Big Bang kuze kube namuhla nokuqhubekela phambili.

I-Astrophysics isayensi esebenzisa izindlela nezimiso zefiziksi esifundweni sezinto zezinkanyezi kanye nezimo. Phakathi kwezifundo ezifundwayo kubalwa iLanga, ezinye izinkanyezi, imithala, amaplanethi angaphandle kwelanga, i-interstellar medium kanye nesizinda se-cosmic microwave.

Umthala uhlelo lwezinkanyezi, izinsalela zezinkanyezi, igesi ephakathi kwezinkanyezi, uthuli, nezinto ezimnyama. Imithala ihluka ngobukhulu kusukela emincane enezinkanyezi eziyizigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa kuya emidondoshiya enezinkanyezi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ngamunye uzungeza inkaba yawo yobukhulu.

I-Milky Way iwumthala oqukethe iSolar System yethu, enegama elichaza ukubukeka komthala usuka eMhlabeni: ibhande lokukhanya elilufifi elibonakala esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku elakhiwe ngezinkanyezi ezingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngeso lenyama.

Umlaza indawo esendimeni yesibhakabhaka lapho iqembu lezinkanyezi ezibonakalayo lakha uhlaka olucatshangelwayo noma iphethini, ngokuvamile emele isilwane, umuntu wenganekwane noma isidalwa, noma into engaphili.

Ama-asteroids amaplanethi amancane, ikakhulukazi eSistimu Solar sangaphakathi. Ama-asteroid amakhulu nawo abizwa ngokuthi ama-planetoid. Lawa magama ngokomlando ayesetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi into yezinkanyezi ezungeza iLanga engazange ixazulule ibe yidiski kusibonakude futhi ayizange ibonwe ukuthi inezici zenkanyezi enomsila esebenzayo njengomsila.

I-exoplanet noma iplanethi ye-extrasolar iyiplanethi engaphandle kwe-Solar System. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola ama-exoplanets. I-Transit photometry kanye ne-Doppler spectroscopy zithole kakhulu, kodwa lezi zindlela zihlushwa ukuchema okucacile kokubheka okuvuna ukutholwa kwamaplanethi eduze kwenkanyezi.

I-supernova iwukuqhuma kwenkanyezi okunamandla nokukhanyayo. Lesi senzakalo sezinkanyezi esidlulayo senzeka phakathi nezigaba zokugcina zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwenkanyezi enkulu noma lapho into encane emhlophe iqalwa ekuhlanganeni kwezikhali zenuzi. Into yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi i-progenitor, iwa inkanyezi ye-neutron noma umgodi omnyama, noma ibhujiswe ngokuphelele.

Iplanethi encane iyinto enobuningi beplanethi engabuzi indawo yayo (njengoba iplanethi yenza) futhi ayiyona isathelayithi. Okusho ukuthi, i-orbit eqondile yeLanga futhi inkulu ngokwanele ukuba ibe yipulasitiki - ukuze amandla adonsela phansi ayigcine isesimweni esilinganayo se-hydrostatically (imvamisa i-spheroid) - kodwa ayizange isuse umakhelwane wayo wezinto ezifanayo.

Umgodi omnyama uyindawo yesikhathi sasemkhathini lapho amandla adonsela phansi anamandla kangangokuthi akukho lutho—akukho zinhlayiya noma ngisho nemisebe kazibuthe njengokukhanya—okungaphunyuka kuyo. Ithiyori yokuhlobana okujwayelekile ibikezela ukuthi isisindo esiminyene ngokwanele singakhubaza isikhathi somkhathi ukuze kwakhe umgodi omnyama.

I-quasar iyinucleus ye-galactic ekhanya ngokwedlulele, lapho imbobo emnyama enkulukazi enesisindo esisuka ezigidini kuya ezigidini zezikhathi ezinobunzima beLanga izungezwe i-gaseous accretion disk.

Lesi sichazamazwi samahhala ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi:
• iqukethe izincazelo ezingaphezu kuka-4500 zezici namatemu;
• ilungele ochwepheshe kanye nabafundi;
• umsebenzi wokusesha othuthukisiwe ngokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela - ukusesha kuzoqala futhi kubikezele igama njengoba uthayipha;
• ukusesha ngezwi;
• sebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi - isizindalwazi esihlanganiswe nohlelo lokusebenza, azikho izindleko zedatha ezitholwayo lapho usesha

"I-Astronomy, Cosmology, Astrophysics encyclopedia" iyibhuku lamagama lamahhala eliphelele elingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, elihlanganisa amagama abaluleke kakhulu nemiqondo.